rep(1:13, 4) # Deck of cards sample(rep(1:13, 4), size = 52) # Shuffled once rle(sample(rep(1:13, 4), size = 52))$lengths # Patterns rle(sample(rep(1:13, 4), size = 52))$lengths > 1 # Pairs pairs <- sapply(1:1e6, function(x) sum(rle(sample(rep(1:13, 4), size = 52))$lengths > 1)) table(pairs) mean(pairs) p.hat <- mean(pairs > 0) sqrt(p.hat * (1 - p.hat) / 1e6)